Low libido, or reduced sexual desire, can affect both men and women and may stem from a variety of physical, psychological, and lifestyle factors. Below are the common causes of low libido for both genders:

Causes of Low Libido in Men

1. Hormonal Imbalances:
• Low Testosterone: Testosterone plays a key role in male sexual desire. Low levels can lead to reduced libido.
• Thyroid Problems: Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can affect hormone levels and reduce sexual drive.

1. Psychological Issues:

• Depression: Mental health disorders like depression often lower interest in sex.
• Stress and Anxiety: Work stress, financial concerns, and anxiety can reduce sexual desire.
• Relationship Issues: Emotional distance, unresolved conflicts, or poor communication with a partner can impact sexual interest.

1. Medications:

• Antidepressants (SSRIs): These can interfere with sexual function and desire.
• Blood Pressure Medications: Some medications for high blood pressure can lead to reduced libido.
• Opioids and Sedatives: These drugs can lower testosterone and affect libido.

1. Lifestyle Factors:

• Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking can lower testosterone and reduce sexual desire.
• Poor Diet and Lack of Exercise: Obesity, poor nutrition, and lack of physical activity can lower energy and libido.
• Smoking: Nicotine restricts blood flow, which can lead to erectile dysfunction and reduced libido.

1. Chronic Illness:

• Diabetes: Can lead to nerve damage and reduced sensation, which may affect sexual desire.
• Heart Disease: Poor cardiovascular health can affect blood flow and sexual performance.
• Sleep Disorders: Poor sleep quality, such as in sleep apnea, can reduce energy levels and libido.

Causes of Low Libido in Women

1. Hormonal Changes:
• Menopause: Reduced estrogen levels during and after menopause can cause vaginal dryness and discomfort during sex, reducing libido.
• Pregnancy and Postpartum: Hormonal shifts during and after pregnancy, along with the demands of caring for a newborn, can lower sexual desire.
• Birth Control Pills: Hormonal contraceptives can sometimes lower libido in some women.

1. Psychological Factors:

• Depression and Anxiety: Like men, women with depression or anxiety may experience reduced sexual interest.
• Body Image Issues: Concerns about appearance or weight can affect sexual confidence and desire.
• Stress and Fatigue: Work, family responsibilities, and general life stress can diminish sexual energy.

1. Medications:

• Antidepressants (SSRIs): Can lower libido and delay orgasm.
• Antihypertensives: Blood pressure medications can also affect female libido.
• Chemotherapy: Cancer treatments may reduce sexual desire due to their impact on hormones and energy levels.

1. Lifestyle Factors:

• Lack of Physical Activity: Poor physical health can lead to low energy and diminished sexual desire.
• Excessive Alcohol: Alcohol can interfere with arousal and reduce interest in sex.
• Substance Abuse: Drugs like opioids or heavy smoking can lower libido.

1. Relationship Issues:

• Emotional Disconnect: Issues such as trust, resentment, or communication problems in a relationship can reduce sexual interest.
• Lack of Intimacy: If emotional or physical closeness with a partner is lacking, libido can decrease.

1. Chronic Health Conditions:

• Thyroid Disorders: Hypothyroidism can reduce energy and libido.
• Arthritis: Physical pain and discomfort can affect sexual desire and activity.
• Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Persistent tiredness can reduce interest in sex.